On 11 October 2007, the SPLM withdrew from the Government of National Unity (GoNU), accusing the central government of violating the terms of the CPA. In particular, the SPLM notes that the Khartoum-based government, dominated by the National Congress Party, has failed to withdraw more than 15,000 soldiers from the southern oil fields and not to implement the protocol on Abyei. The SPLM said it was not returning to war, while analysts found that the agreement had disintegrated for some time, partly because of the international focus on the conflict in neighbouring Darfur. [2] The process resulted in the following agreements (also known as protocols): the Abyei region, established by the CPA, which is a sensitive area close to the historic border between North and South Sudan, has been granted special administrative status. Abyei, which is defined in the agreement as a “bridge between North and South,” consists of the area of nine Ngok Dinka chiefs, transferred from south to north in 1905, while Sudan was under common Anglo-Egyptian rule. Under the provisions of the CPA, Abyei should be governed by an elected executive council. In addition, its inhabitants were considered citizens of the western state of Kordofan in the north and bahr al-Ghazal state in the south, and were represented in the parliaments of both states. At the end of the six-year period, the people of Abyei would decide whether to settle Abyei in the southern state of Bahr al-Ghazal or maintain their special administrative status in the north in the referendum originally scheduled for 9 January. The referendum is currently postponed sine die in the absence of an agreement on the conditions of eligibility for the vote. The CPA was never implemented as planned. The signing of the agreement was more due to skilful international mediation and diplomacy than to a sincere change of position on both sides. For the South, the six-year deadline imposed by the agreement before the referendum was only a waiting period to achieve the independence target.

And the northern government has not indicated that it is willing to try democracy and power-sharing as a solution. It has remained authoritarian in the North, it is tough on the opposition and it is more determined than ever to suppress resistance in Darfur by force. Sudan under the CPA was not a country at peace. The Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) was signed on 9 January 2005 in Kenya by the National Congress Party (NCP) and the Sudan People`s Movement/Army (SPLM/A). The CPA marked the end of two decades of civil conflict and was the culmination of peace negotiations, supported by the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), as well as the United Kingdom, Norway, the United States and Italy. The CPA was a last attempt to find a comprehensive and lasting solution to the conflict that had divided North and South Sudan since its independence from The Egyptian and British dominations in 1956. The first phase of the conflict ended in 1972 with the signing of the Addis Ababa Agreement, negotiated by Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie. But in 1983, jafaar Numeiri, then president, violated the terms of the agreement by reducing the prerogatives of the South, imposing Sharia law and resuming the war.