The Joint Comprehensive Action Plan (JCPOA); Persian: romantic: barn`meye I`e`me moshtarak (, BARJAM][5] is an agreement on Iran`s nuclear programme reached on 14 July 2015 in Vienna between Iran and the P5-1 (the five permanent members of the UN Security Council – China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, the United States – plus Germany) with the European Union. The Joint Comprehensive Action Plan (JCPOA) is a detailed 159-page agreement containing five annexes, concluded by Iran and the P5-1 (China, France, Germany, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States) on July 14, 2015. The nuclear agreement was approved by UN Security Council Resolution 2231, adopted on 20 July 2015. Iran`s compliance with the JCPOA nuclear provisions will be verified by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in accordance with certain requirements of the agreement. On May 8, 2018, President Trump announced that the United States would withdraw from the JCPOA and resume U.S. nuclear sanctions against the Iranian regime. The final agreement is based on (and supporting) “the rules-based non-proliferation regime established by the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), including, in particular, the IAEA protection system.” [62] According to the Congressional Research Service, international law and U.S. national law use different definitions of “contract.” Under the Vienna Convention on Treaty Law, “the term “treaty” has a broader meaning in international law than in domestic law. Under international law, the “treaty” refers to any binding international agreement. [389] Under U.S.

national law, the “treaty” only means binding international agreements that have received the Council and Senate approval. [390] In comments made on July 15, 2015 in the East Room of the White House, Obama asked Congress to support the agreement: “If we don`t vote smartly, I think future generations will judge us harshly because they will let this moment pass. [185] He stated that the inspection regime for the agreement was one of the most vigorous ever negotiated and criticized opponents of the agreement for not proposing a viable alternative to the agreement. [185] Obama said, “If 99 percent of the international community and the majority of nuclear experts look at this and say “it will prevent Iran from having an atomic bomb”, and you are either saying that it does not… then you should have an alternative to present. And I didn`t hear that. [186] [187] On the same day, in an interview with New York Times columnist Thomas Friedman, he spoke in favour of the agreement on the agreement. [188] Obama said: Abbas Milani and Michael McFaul wrote, “Among those who support this agreement, there are moderates in the government, many opposition leaders, a majority of Iranian citizens and many members of the Iranian-American diaspora – a disparate group that has never reached agreement on anything.” [349] Within the government, Rohani and Foreign Minister Javad Zarif, who negotiated the agreement, are “now the loudest in defense against Iranian hawks.” [349] Former Presidents Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani and Mohammad Khatami, as well as moderates in Parliament, also support the agreement. [349] The agreement is also supported by the most prominent opposition leaders, including Mir-Hossein Mousavi, the 2009 presidential candidate, who was placed under house arrest for his role as leader of the Green Movement. [349] Conversely, in late August, a group of 900 rabbis signed an open letter from Kalman Topp and Yonah Bookstein asking Congress to reject the agreement. [257] The Orthodox Union and the American Jewish Committee also announced their opposition to the agreement. [258] [259] Foreign diplomats also participated in the congressional debate.