The 123 agreement EURATOM is a critical international agreement that regulates the peaceful use of nuclear energy between the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) and the United States. This agreement, formally known as the Agreement for Cooperation Between the European Atomic Energy Community and the Government of the United States of America in the Field of Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy, was signed on October 19, 2018.

The agreement is a comprehensive framework that outlines the terms and conditions for cooperation in nuclear energy research and development, production of nuclear materials, and peaceful use of nuclear energy. It also sets the guidelines for the exchange of technical information, nuclear safety, physical security, and non-proliferation measures.

To put things in perspective, the 123 agreement EURATOM is not a new agreement. The United States and EURATOM have a history of cooperation in nuclear energy dating back to the 1950s. The first 123 agreement was signed in 1958 and was later updated in 1978 to incorporate additional safeguards.

Since the agreement`s inception, the United States has been one of the leading providers of nuclear fuels and technology to EURATOM. In exchange, EURATOM has provided crucial research, technical expertise, and regulatory support to the United States.

The agreement also promotes transparency and international cooperation in nuclear energy, which is critical in preventing the spread of nuclear weapons. It ensures that nuclear materials and technology are only used for peaceful purposes and are not diverted to nuclear weapon programs.

However, the agreement has been subject to criticism from environmental and anti-nuclear groups, who argue that it promotes the use of nuclear energy and leads to the production of nuclear waste, which poses a significant threat to public health and the environment.

In conclusion, the 123 agreement EURATOM is a crucial international agreement that promotes international cooperation and transparency in nuclear energy. While it has been subject to criticism, it remains a critical framework for the peaceful use of nuclear energy and the prevention of nuclear weapons proliferation.