Since the TRIPS agreement came into force, it has been criticized by developing countries, scientists and non-governmental organizations. While some of this criticism is generally opposed to the WTO, many proponents of trade liberalization also view TRIPS policy as a bad policy. The effects of the concentration of WEALTH of TRIPS (money from people in developing countries for copyright and patent holders in industrialized countries) and the imposition of artificial shortages on citizens of countries that would otherwise have had weaker intellectual property laws are common bases for such criticisms. Other critics have focused on the inability of trips trips to accelerate the flow of investment and technology to low-income countries, a benefit that WTO members achieved prior to the creation of the agreement. The World Bank`s statements indicate that TRIPS have clearly not accelerated investment in low-income countries, whereas they may have done so for middle-income countries. [33] As part of TRIPS, long periods of patent validity were examined to determine the excessive slowdown in generic drug entry and competition. In particular, the illegality of preclinical testing or the presentation of samples to be authorized until a patent expires have been accused of encouraging the growth of certain multinationals and not producers in developing countries. The 2002 Doha Declaration confirmed that the TRIPS agreement should not prevent members from taking the necessary steps to protect public health. Despite this recognition, less developed countries have argued that flexible TRIPS provisions, such as mandatory licensing, are almost impossible to obtain. The least developed countries, in particular, have made their young domestic manufacturing and technological industries proof of the infallible policy. The Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (ADPIC) is an internationally recognized and managed agreement on intellectual property regulation managed by the World Trade Organization. The agreement was negotiated at the end of Uruguay`s round of the 1994 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), when the United Nations of the United States, with the help of the European Union, Japan and other industrialized countries, lobbied intensively. Developing Countries The TRIPS Negotiating Group met twice in July 1989 to discuss, first, the applicability of GATT`s core principles to intellectual property and, second, the implementation of appropriate standards for the availability, scope and use of IPRs.

[12] TRIPS negotiations have resulted in two general approaches. A number of industrialized countries had submitted written submissions to the TRIPS negotiating group, including the United States, Japan, Switzerland and the EC.